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What leads to the cultural difference?

The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.

The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are gestated by rivers. In China, the mother river is the Yellow River while the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures were developed for several thousand years and formed their own styles. Then in Dang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture gradually went overseas to Japan, mixed into the Japanese society and shaped the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it belongs to the same system.

When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain ---- the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture. Like the Chinese culture, the European one also crossed waters. When the colonists of England settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't distinguish from the European one a lot.

At the same time, the difference of the language systems adds to the cultural differences. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language (see the picture below) while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system, for example, the one I’m using to write this paper.

Other factors like human race difference counts as well. But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.

Pictographic charactors

Part II How differently do people behave in daily life?

The differences are everywhere. They affect people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world. Even in everyday life, the cultural differences show up from the moment the eyes are opened to the minute the dreams are invited.

In the following, I’ll give some typical example of the differences.

Section 1: Greeting

Greeting is the first step to form a culture, because people begin to communicate with others. The individuals become a community.

How do we Chinese greet each other? Informally, if we meet an friend in the street, we are used to say: “Hi, have you had your meal?” or “Where are you going?”. When it is the case of two gentlemen, they tend to shake hands.

However, in the western countries, the above questions are just questions, not greeting at all. They may think you’re inviting them to dinner if you ask about their meals. Usually, they’ll just give each other a smile or greet with a “Hi.”. They’ll shake hands only in some formal situations. By the way, Westerners can leave a party or meeting halls without a formal conge, nor should they shake hands with every attendee like most of us will do here.

Section 2: Expressing gratitude

Think of the situations below. Your mother is busy in the kitchen. She suddenly asks you to fetch a bowl for her. You do so. What’ll your mother’s response be? Probably she’ll just continue doing the cooking. After a while, the dinner is ready. Your mother hands you your bowl of rice. What’s your response? Probably just begin to eat.

That’s what I want to say. In Chinese families, we rarely say “Thank you” to other family members for receiving help or service. Neither will we say so between good friends. It’s such an unpopular response that if you say it, the counterpart will think you are treating him as a stranger, otherwise you are lacking of intimacy.

But in the West, "thank you" is one of the most frequently used sentences. Teachers will thank a student for answering a question; husbands will thank his wife for making a coffee.

However, as an interesting phenomenon, it’s a custom to say "thank you" in Japan. No matter in family or among friends, Japanese chronically use it all the day. This is probably the aberrance of the culture.

Section 3 Dining

The ways people eat, that is, the table manner, really distinguish a lot. The reason for this is probably because of the different dining tools and menus.

Easterners use chopsticks, or sometimes even grasp rice straightly with hands as Indians do. The thin and long chopsticks cannot be used to cut food, so we usually use our teeth to act as knives. We hold our food, meat or vegetable, with the chopsticks, send them to the mouths, bite off a part of it and remain the other part on the chopsticks. That’s the usual way we eat. We are also used to hold up our bowls when having rice or soup. Japanese hold bowls to have miso soup without spoons. But all these habits are considered rude in the Western countries.

The etiquette in the West requests that when eating, bowls and plates cannot leave the tables. Food should be cut by knives to fit into the mouths. Of course your mouth cannot touch the plates or bowls. So the regular process is like this. You cut your steak on the plate with fork and knife, send the meat cube into the mouth with fork and nothing will be returned back but the fork alone.

Section 4 Symbolizing

Symbolization is how people imagine or regard something. It actually reflects the way people think. Here I’ll only discuss some symbolization that frequently appears in daily life.

First is about the colors. We often give each color some meanings, because we feel differently when facing different colors. So people always have preference when choosing colors of clothes, decorations, etc. In the APEC summit held in Shanghai several years ago, in the last day, the presidents from all over the world wore the traditional Chinese Dang suits and took a photo together. The colors of the suits were chosen by themselves freely. However, it’s quite interesting to find that most Easterners chose red while most of the westerners preferred blue. To explain this, it’s easy to realize that what red means is almost opposite in the East and the West. Red means luck, fortune here. We Chinese often use this color to decorate in festivals, such as red lanterns, red Chinese nodes, red bangers. But red stands for blood, revolutions in the West. So the presidents avoided wearing this unlucky color.

Another interesting discovery is about the dragons. In the East, dragons are imagined as something like snake and are flowing in the sky for most of the time. The dragon is said to have the face of the horse, the horns of the deer, the ears of the ox, the body of the snake, the claws of the eagle and squama of the fish. We regard dragon as God and say that we Chinese are the offspring of the dragon. The God of Dragons of the four seas can charge the rainfalls, so we sometimes also call them the God of the water or rain. But in the West, people think dragons as dinosaurs, which can stand on the ground with feet and fly with huge wings. They lay eggs just like dinosaurs. The dragons of the West have the ability to erupt fire, instead of water. The fire can destroy everything so the dragons are not welcomed at all. They even become the symbol of the Devil.

Dragons Imagined by Chinese

Dragon Imagined by the Westerners

Part III What can we do to treat the culture gap?

Now we have seen that there exists such a huge gap between eastern culture and western one. Then what should we do to face this gap in the gradually globalizing world?

Firstly, we cannot deny any of the cultures. Every nation has its own characteristics and it’s mainly through its culture that we first begin to know the nation and its characteristics. So we cannot say that this culture or custom is right and that is wrong. Equal respect should be attached to every culture in the world, even to those that are not in existence any more.

Next, we should get to learn how to coordinate the different cultures. We say the world is becoming smaller and smaller. More foreigners come and go everyday. When it is in the same country, the same city, the same neighborhood, the cultural collision is expected to be more serious. So we should try to avoid this happening. One important thing is to get some basic knowledge about the other cultures so as not to misunderstand some actions or habits of the foreigners.

When the above two is done, we can start to communicate. I mean we can take in some strong points from the foreign cultures. Though there doesn’t exist correctness in terms of culture, it does have the terms of more advanced or more suitable for the world nowadays. Of course, we cannot throw away our own culture and accept another one totally. Every culture is a treasure to the history of the Earth, so we should only pick out those we lack to perfect our own.

Different cultures add the most colorful element to the world of 21st century. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.

找一篇关于西方文化的英语

西方文化礼仪

在西方里，礼仪一词，最早见于法语的Etiquette，原意为“法庭上的通行证”。但它一进入英文后，就有了礼仪的含义，意即“人际交往的通行证”。西方的文明史，同样在很大程度上表现着人类对礼仪追求及其演进的历史。人类为了维持与发展血缘亲情以外的各种人际关系，避免“格斗”或“战争”，逐步形成了各种与“格斗”、“战争”有关的动态礼仪。如为了表示自己手里没有武器，让对方感觉到自己没有恶意而创造了举手礼，后来演进为握手。为了表示自己的友好与尊重，愿在对方面前“丢盔卸甲”，于是创造了脱帽礼等。

在古希腊的文献典籍中，如苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德等先哲的著述中，都有很多关于礼仪的论述。中世纪更是礼仪发展的鼎盛时代。文艺复兴以后，欧美的礼仪有了新的发展，从上层社会对遵循礼节的繁琐要求到20世纪中期对优美举止的赞赏，一直到适应社会平等关系的比较简单的礼仪规则。历史发展到今天，传统的礼仪文化不但没有随着市场经济发展和科技现代化而被抛弃，反而更加多姿多彩，国家有国家的礼制，民族有民族独特的礼仪习俗，各行各业都有自己的礼仪规范程式，国际上也有各国共同遵守的礼仪惯例。

In the west, etiquette is a word, the earliest found in the French Etiquette, meaning "court passes". But it into English, with the meaning of etiquette, which means "pass of interpersonal communication". The history of Western civilization, also to a large extent the performance of human pursuit of etiquette and its historical evolution. Humanity in order to develop and maintain family outside of the various relationships, avoid "combat" or "war", and gradually formed a "combat", "war" is related to the dynamics of etiquette. As for the said he didn't have any weapons, let the person feel no malice and created the salute, later evolves into a handshake. In order to show their friendship and respect in front of each other ", is willing to throw away everything when fleeing", thus creating a hat.

在古希腊的文献典籍中，如苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德等先哲的著述中，都有很多关于礼仪的论述。中世纪更是礼仪发展的鼎盛时代。文艺复兴以后，欧美的礼仪有了新的发展，从上层社会对遵循礼节的繁琐要求到20世纪中期对优美举止的赞赏，一直到适应社会平等关系的比较简单的礼仪规则。历史发展到今天，传统的礼仪文化不但没有随着市场经济发展和科技现代化而被抛弃，反而更加多姿多彩，国家有国家的礼制，民族有民族独特的礼仪习俗，各行各业都有自己的礼仪规范程式，国际上也有各国共同遵守的礼仪惯例。

In ancient Greek literature books, such as the writings of Socrates, Platon, Aristotle and other philosophers, there are a lot of discussion about etiquette. The middle ages is the peak period of development of etiquette. Since the Renaissance, European and American etiquette is a new development, from the upper class society until the middle of twentieth Century to the tedious required to follow the etiquette of graceful manners praise, has to adapt to the relatively simple rules of etiquette and social equality. Up to today, the traditional etiquette culture not only with the development of market economy and the modernization of science and technology and abandoned, but more colorful, countries have national etiquette, etiquette custom of ethnic nationalities have unique, all have their own etiquette program, has in all countries abide by the etiquette convention.

您好：

For most of the Chinese people,when they have a heart-to-heart talk with their good friends,they would like to be hand-in-hand and shoulder-by-shoulder.But for American people,they will have a physical distance of 0.45 to 1.2 meters when talking to each other.In China,we usually keep a distance within 1 meter from the general acquaintances.But in America,they will keep 1.2 to 3.5 meters from a general acquaintance. If a stranger touches a Chinese,the Chinese will think that it is very common.But American people will think that he is offended.From the above,yopu can see that there is great difference between Chinese culture and American culture

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